Understanding how water moves through the Earth system is fundamental to predicting climate impacts and ensuring sustainable ...

Earth System Sciences is an inherently interdisciplinary field that investigates the integrated dynamics of the planet’s major spheres—the atmosphere, hydrosphere, lithosphere and biosphere—and their ...

Humanity has reached the first Earth system tipping point, the widespread death of warm-water coral reefs, marking the beginning of irreversible planetary shifts. As global temperatures move beyond ...