A syringe’s design affects the pull and push forces required for drawing and ejecting a fluid into or from a barrel. Measurement of these forces for quality control or development purposes can be ...

What is a Surface Force Apparatus (SFA)? The Surface Force Apparatus (SFA) is a highly sensitive scientific instrument used to measure the forces between two surfaces at the nanoscale. It allows ...

Scientific American is part of Springer Nature, which owns or has commercial relations with thousands of scientific publications (many of them can be found at www ...

Metrology is the science of precise measurement. It ensures accuracy and consistency across scientific, industrial, and engineering fields. Calibration is the process of aligning measurement ...