TfL combines open and closed loop systems, using Oyster Cards, contactless card payments, and NFC Google or Apple pay, alongside physical ticketing. Transport for London (TfL) has long been regarded ...

An agency’s user base will not adopt any technology, no matter how appealing, if it falls short on practicality or ...

Miroslav Katsarov is the CEO of Modeshift, a technology company bringing intelligent transportation to small- and mid-size transit agencies. Open-loop payments have emerged as a high-profile trend in ...

Discover what closed loop cards are, how they compare to co-branded options, and their pros and cons for consumers and businesses.